Methods Essays - Littorinidae, Common Periwinkle, Periwinkle

Methods The purpose of this experiment is to test how periwinkles react in different salinities by measuring their overall velocity (movement over time). We set up two containers of the same volume each with the same volume but different levels of salinity, and would individually subject one periwinkle to one of the salinities, thus creating a separate experiment with two treatments (one of 10ppt, one of 30ppt). The periwinkles were chosen at random by a rotation of selectee that was determined by both a 6-sided die and a coin flip. Once the periwinkles were introduced and were both right side up a 30 second acclimatization period would begin. After that 30 second period, had elapsed a secondary timer of five minutes would begin. During these five minutes, two randomly chosen members of the group would trace the Periwinkles movement on a clear plastic sheet with an erasable marker. A secondary sheet of clear acetate was provided should the Periwinkles start to climb on the walls of the conta iner. After five minutes, the periwinkle form each container was removed and placed in a "used" container. The used periwinkles would not be taking part in the rest of the experiment. This was repeated as time permitted allowing for roughly 10 replicates within each trial. Pictures were taken of the traced movement and then the process would begin again. There were no adjustments made between trial 1 and trial 2. The periwinkles that we were used were randomly selected via die and coin combination that both randomized those that were picking (at random) as well as which jar the animal was being selected from. This was done in attempts to sample from a variety of the periwinkle population in efforts to avoid bias. The periwinkles were all collected at tower beach at random. In an effort to limit experimental uncertainty we made sure to roll die and flip a coin to decide the group and then the subsequent person who would be performing each task. Containers were emptied washed and scrubbed before being used again. This was to wash the mucus layer off of the container that other periwinkles might follow. To limit extraneous variables, temperature, salinity, and light was measured every three replicates to ensure there was no change in abiotic conditions. Human interaction was necessary in this case but was attempted to stay limited by not moving while observing the snail's movements. We used image J, an online software, to calculate the total distance travelled by analyzing the pictures of the plots we traced of the snail's movement. This in turn would provide us with a total distance that the Periwinkles travelled, which when divided by the time that we recorded for each replicate (five minutes) we received velocity which we could use to achieve our purpose.

A Cultural Interpretation of Achebes Things Fall Apart essays

A Cultural Interpretation of Achebes 'Things Fall Apart' essays It has been said that our era will see the beginning of a new period in world history, the Age of the Indigenous Peoples, a reassertion of the third worlds identity in reaction to the imperial and colonial expansion which dominated international relations of the past few centuries. With few exceptions, colonialism has wreaked havoc on native peoples, killing or displacing large populations, exploiting resources, demarcating arbitrary national boundaries, and leaving regions economically and politically dependent on former imperial powers. Yet this multicultural contact has also fostered a new global consciousness and facilitated the rise of international institutions that have given political substance to the belief in universal human rights. Already one can see civil wars and popular uprisings throughout the developing world sparked by the unstable mixture of foreign-sponsored despots and democratic or socialist ideas. Meanwhile, historians today are being forced to reexamine funda mental assumptions regarding the European incursion on the rest of the world. To speak of civilizing the primitives or saving the souls of the heathens is not only intellectually naive, such euphemisms are repugnant to the modern sense of morality. Western society faces a critical point in history. Disillusioned with past conquests and faced with unprecedented possibilities for future catastrophe, we must strive for a new understanding of the indigenous cultures so alienated and embittered by our predecessors misconceptions (Achebe vii). Fortunately, real positive change is already in motion. Conscientious individuals are joining together in voicing opposition to state actions, allying themselves with unfamiliar ethnic and religious groups in exotic regions. Out of this cultural ferment, great artists emerge to reveal new truths and new values, and to reaffirm that which is most universal in t...

Does Affordable Housing on Exception Sites impact on making rural Essay

Does Affordable Housing on Exception Sites impact on making rural villages sustainable or unsustainable - Essay Example Simply an approximate ten percent of the homes within rural segments are communal housing for rent, in contrast to the twenty percent within urban communities (odpm.com) The various Housing Corporations and partnerships, like the Chichester District, and the CDC in West Sussex aims to make certain that all and sundry have an occasion of a respectable home which they can manage to pay for, as well as to guarantee a sustainable local society within the several villages inside the principally agricultural district, by way of a high percentage of aged population is dedicated to helping deal with the housing requirement within rural regions moreover this help invigorated the rural strategy which is premeditated to notify as well as support this vocation. The one and only resolution specific strategy, was majorly inaugurated within the year 2001 and ever since then has been accountable for a spotlight on rural requirements as well as a intensification within our rural housing programme, which has more than amplified ever since the strategy was primarily pioneered. Throughout the National Affordable Housing Programme for the year 2004 till 2008, all the housing associations are offering supplementary new 5,500 fresh homes for the rent as well as low cost home possession within rural regions. The additional Regiona... At the grassland roots, associations have counterfeit the joint ventures with rural community councils, land holders as well as local communities to recognize the regional requirements as well as to mark the assets to convene with them (odpm.com). The outgrowth of these corporations are innovative housing association schemes within a lot of England's marketplace towns, villages as well as hamlets including minor proposals that make it potential, for instance, for the sons as well as the daughters of the rural communities to donate to their vivacity as well as their sustainability. This approach is premeditated to carry on as well as perk up their workings inside the rural regions moreover concentrates on: - forming as well as supporting the joint ventures to distribute a lot more reasonably priced housing for rent out as well as reasonably priced residence ownership in rural areas; sustaining and making the best use of the existing affordable housing in rural areas; - forming sustainable rural societies, skirmishing social prohibiting, as well as dealing with discrete shortcoming within rural regions; - looking for ground-breaking ways of escalating the supply of terra firma for rural housing at the same time as shielding the veracity of the landscape; - sustaining as well as encouraging stumpy cost home rights inside rural regions with suitable defense to make certain a supply of reasonably priced housing within the near future; - also, endorsing and encouraging a good quality design in addition to the utilization of locally resourced materials within housing association systems; and - making sure that all the homes are constructed within